This article examines the profound physical health consequences of conflict trauma, mapping the pathways from psychological suffering to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, autoimmune conditions, chronic pain syndromes, and reduced life expectancy.

Recovery from trauma, violence, and mental health challenges is not a one‑size‑fits‑all process. Different contexts demand different approaches. Mental health professionals, justice practitioners, and community leaders draw on four major recovery models—Biomedical, Psychosocial, Restorative Justice, and Resilience Frameworks—each with distinct principles, targets, and outcomes. This article defines each model, compares their strengths and limitations, and explains