Perhaps the main cause or source of poor industrial relations resulting in inefficiency and labour unrest is mental laziness on the part of both management and labour. Management is not sufficiently concerned to ascertain the causes of inefficiency and unrest following the laissez-faire policy until it is faced with strikes and more serious unrest.  Even with regard

There are generally three main actors in the industrial relations,which are directly involved, namely, employees, employer and government or society: Employers as Actors in the Industrial Relations Employers possess certain rights vis-à-vis labors. They have the right to hire and fire them. Management can also affect workers’ interests by exercising their right to relocate, close or merge

This is a mutual ‘give and take’ transactional relationship between representatives of two institutions that is workers on one side and the employing organization on the other to the mutual benefit of both.  In the unionized organization, the collective bargaining process can be thought of as a complex flow of events that occur in the determination